વિચારવા જેવુ......

રવિવાર નો દિવસ...

સવારના દસ વાગ્યા હતા. અચાનક મારા મિત્ર ભાવેશ નો મોબાઈલ મારા ઉપર આવ્યો...

ભાવેશ નો નંબર અને નામ વાંચી મને નવાઈ લાગી...

જિંદગી ની રફતાર ..રૂપિયાની વાત કરું તો અમારા થી ઘણો દૂર નીકળી ગયો હતો... કરોડો ની વાતો ...અને કરોડો ના બિઝનેસ માં મારા જેવો પગારદાર મિત્ર ની અચાનક યાદ  કેમ આવી ?

મેં કીધું બોલ દોસ્ત...સુદામા ની યાદ કેમ આવી ?

મારે તને મળવું છે ભાવેશ ની વાત માં ઢીલાશ હતી..

મેં કીધું દોસ્ત એપોઇન્ટમેન્ટ મોટા માણસ ની લેવાય અમે તો નાના માણસ...આવ દોસ્ત હું ઘરે જ છું..

થોડીવાર પછી...ભાવેશ અમારા ઘરે વર્ષો પછી આવ્યો...

મેં તેને આવકાર્યો....

થોડી વાતચીત પછી મેં કીધું દોસ્ત તારું અચાનક આ તરફ આવવા પાછળ કોઈ  કારણ તો છુપાયેલ હોવું જોઈએ..

તારી વાત સાચી છે...દોસ્ત

આજે તારે મારી સાથે આવવાનું છે...ભાવેશ બોલ્યો

ક્યાં ?

રોહિત ના ઘરે ?

પણ રોહિત ને તો આ દુનિયા છોડે  20 વર્ષ થવા આવ્યા...

હવે તેના ઘરે જઈ તારે શું કરવું છે ?

મારે જૂનો હિસાબ પૂરો કરવો છે...ઢીલા અવાજે ભાવેશ બોલ્યો

સમીર તેં મને ઘણા વર્ષો પહેલા કર્મના સિદ્ધાંતો સમજાવતા કીધું હતું...

દોસ્ત... હક્ક નું રાખ ..બાકી નું પાછું આપી દે...

મેં તારી સાથે ઉગ્ર ચર્ચા પણ કરી હતી....

તેં મને  ચર્ચા ના અંતે ફક્ત એટલુંજ કીધું હતું...

દોસ્ત..ખરાબ કર્મ ના કુંડાળા માં પગ ભૂલથી પણ ન મુકતો...ભગવાન પણ નહીં બચાવી શકે તને  ..કારણ એ પોતે કર્મબંધન થી બંધાયલો હોય છે..

મેં કીધું...હા દોસ્ત મને હજુ બધું જ યાદ છે...રોહિત નું અચાનક હાર્ટફેલ થી અવસાન થયું...તમારા બંન્ને વચ્ચે મૌખિક લાખો કરોડો ની લેવદેવડ હતી....

રોહિત પોતાની "ડાયરી" માં આ લેવદેવડ લખતો હતો..તેમાં તારે એ સમયે સવા કરોડ રોહિત ના પરિવાર ને ચૂકવવા ના નીકળતા હતા..એ સત્ય હકીકત તું પણ જાણતો હોવા છતાં..તેં આ ડાયરી નો હિસાબ ખોટો છે કહી..વાત ને નકારી કાઢી હતી.

રોહિત ની પત્ની અને તેનો છોકરો દેવાંગ સંસ્કારી અને ધાર્મિક સ્વભાવ ના હતા તેઓએ હાથ જોડી ત્યારે તને કીધું હતું...તમારી અને પપ્પા ની કાચી ચિઠ્ઠી નો હિસાબ હું  જાણતો..નથી પણ પપ્પા ની ડાયરી માં હિસાબ તારીખ સાથે લખેલ છે..

છતાં  પણ મેં પપ્પા નો હિસાબ મારા ઠાકોરજી ને સોંપ્યો છે.....તમને એટલું જરૂર કહીશ...એક વખત ઘરે જઈ હિસાબ બરાબર જોઈ લેજો...અંકલ ..કારણ કે મારો ઠાકોરજી હિસાબ કરવા જ્યારે બેઠો ત્યારે છાતી ઉપર પગ રાખી રૂપિયા કઢાવશે...

હા અને એ પણ યાદ રાખજો...મારા હક્ક ના રૂપિયા તમારા ઘર માં હશે..તો તમારે જાતે મને રૂપિયા અહીં આપવા આવવા પડશે...

સમીર તને  હજુ બધું યાદ છે?..ભાવેશ બોલ્યો

હા ભાવેશ..જીવન માં અમુક સમય સ્થળ, સંજોગ અને બનાવ જીવનના અંત સુધી ભૂલાતા નથી...

રોહિત પણ મારો મિત્ર અને તું પણ મારો મિત્ર...તમારા બન્ને ની લેવદેવડ મને ખબર ન હતી પણ રોહિત નો છોકરો દેવાંગ ની આંખ ની ભાષા માં સત્ય હતું સાથે ભગવાન ઉપર નો પૂર્ણ વિશ્વાસ હતો.

પણ અચાનક તેના ઘરે જવાનું કારણ.. મેં પૂછ્યું

જો દોસ્ત..મારો પુત્ર સંતોષ નો ગંભીર કાર અકસ્માત બે દિવસ પહેલા થયો છે..અત્યારે ISU માં છે...ડોક્ટર ખૂબ પ્રયત્ન બચાવવા માટે કરી રહ્યા છે...જીવન મરણ નો ખેલ છે..બચે તો પણ કોઈ શારિરીક ખામી આવે તેવી બીક છે....મારી પાસે કરોડો રૂપિયા છે..સામે વારસદાર એક જ છે..મન મારુ ગભરાઈ રહયું છે....દોસ્ત

ચલ  ઉભો થા દોસ્ત....આજે મોડું ન કરતો..

અમે...કાર માં રોહિત ના ઘરે પહોંચ્યા...રોહિત ના પત્ની સ્વાતિ અમને ઓળખી ગઈ ..તેમણે અમને આવકાર આપ્યો...

થોડી વાર પછી....સ્વાતિ  એ ભાવેશ સામે હાથ જોડી પૂછયુ...ભાવેશભાઈ હજુ કંઈ હિસાબ ચૂકવવા નો  અમારા તરફ થી બાકી છે...

ના સ્વાતિ ભાભી....

ડાયરી ખોલવા નો સમય થયો છે..

તમારો મતલબ હું નથી સમજી સ્વાતિ બોલી..

રોહિત ની ડાયરી આપો...ભાભી

ત્યાં બહાર થી દેવાંગ આવ્યો 20 વર્ષ ના લાંબા ગાળા પછી મળ્યા હોવાથી..તે અમને ઓળખી શક્યો નહિ...

તેણે તેની મમ્મી સામે જોયું...

બેટા તારા પપ્પા ના જુના મિત્ર...ભાવેશભાઈ અને સમીરભાઈ...દેવાંગ અમને હાથ જોડી સોફા માં બેઠો...પછી ધીરે થી ભાવેશ સામે જોઈ બોલ્યો, બોલો અંકલ  અચાનક આ તરફ...

બેટા પહેલા એ કહે તું અત્યારે શું કરે છે ?

અંકલ એ સમય જતો રહ્યો .જ્યારે તમારે ખરેખર પૂછવાનું હતું...છતાં પણ તમને  જણાવી દઉં...હું આપણા શહેરની 

મોટી હોસ્પિટલ "શ્રેય" માં  ડૉકટર છું...ખાસ કરી ને સર્જરી માં નિષ્ણાત ડોક્ટરો માં મારુ નામ છે

ભાવેશ ઉભો થઇ ગયો..બેટા ત્યાં જ મારો પુત્ર ISU માં છે...

દેવગે કીધું નામ....

સંતોષ. ...ભાવેશ બોલ્યો

દેવાગે કીધું..અંકલ..એ મારા ઓબઝરવેશન હેઠળ છે...

ભાવેશ હાથ જોડી બોલ્યો બેટા...તને શું લાગે છે ?

જુઓ અંકલ ક્રિટિકલ તો  છે..પણ હિંમત હારી જવા જેવું પણ નથી....જ્યારે સંતોષ ને દાખલ કરવા માં આવ્યો તેના કરતાં હાલ માં તબિયત સુધારા ઉપર છે..

ઘણી વખત દવા કરતા દુવા કામ કરે છે.... ઠાકોરજી રક્ષા કરશે..ચિંતા ન કરો..અમે ડોક્ટર તો  લોકો ના દુઃખ દર્દ દૂર કરી શકીયે.. બાકી જીવનની દોર તો ઈશ્વર ના હાથ માં છે

બોલો...આપ નું આ બાજુ આવવા નું કારણ ?

બેટા તારા પરિવાર સાથે દગો કરનાર વ્યક્તિ સાથે પણ તું આટલી શાંતિપૂર્વક અને વિવેકપૂર્ણ વાત કરે છે...તારા માં કોઈ ખાસ વાત છે...

અરે અંકલ તમે દગો કર્યો , કે વિશ્વાસઘાત કર્યો  આ કેસ મેં ઉપર વાળા ની અદાલત માં વર્ષો પહેલા સોંપી દીધો છે...તેમાં તારીખો ન પડે સીધો ફેંસલોઃ.....

હવે એ જ નક્કી કરશે..

તમને કે મારે નક્કી કરવા નો અધિકાર નથી ..માનવસર્જિત  અદાલત કચેરી માંથી સતા કે રૂપિયા ના જોરે એક વખત કોઈ પણ વ્યક્તિ છૂટી જાય છે પણ ઈશ્વર ની અદાલત માંથી કદી છુટી શકતો નથી

વાહ..બેટા મેં તને ઓળખવા માં ભૂલ તો કરી...છે

બેટા દેવાંગ...રોહિત ની ડાયરી મને આપ.. આજે હું જૂનો હિસાબ ચૂકવવા આવ્યો છું..

દેવાંગ બોલ્યો... શું ઉતાવળ છે..?

બેટા તારા શબ્દો તું જ યાદ કર...

મારો ઠોકરજી લેવા જ્યારે બેસશે ત્યારે છાતી ઉપર પગ રાખી કઢાવશે...

આ કોરો ચેક...હિસાબ પણ તારો અને વ્યાજ પણ તારું..

તેં જ કીધું હતું ને મારા હક્ક ના રૂપિયા હશે તો તમારે મારા ઘરે આપવા આવવા પડશે..લે આજે હું તારા ઘરે તારા હક્ક ના રૂપિયા આપવા આવ્યો છું

અંકલ...તમે અત્યારે મુસીબત માં છો....

આ પરિસ્થિતિ માં રૂપિયા લેવડ દેવડ  મને યોગ્ય નથી લાગતી...સંતોષ ને સારું થઈ જાય પછી આપણે સાથે બેસી હિસાબ કરશું...

મારી પાસે કે ભાવેશ પાસે બોલવા માટે કોઈ શબ્દો ન હતા....રૂપિયા ની ભૂખ માણસ ને જાનવર બનાવી દે છે....સંબધો ની ગહનતા ભૂલવાડી દે છે...

પણ આજે દેવાંગ ને મળવા થી તેની વાતો સાંભળવા થી મને એવું લાગ્યું...ભગવાન માં માત્ર શ્રદ્ધા નહીં વિશ્વાસ પણ રાખવો જોઈએ.....

ભાવેશ ભીની આંખે બોલ્યો બેટા તારી ભક્તિ પ્રભુ પ્રત્યે ની શ્રદ્ધા ની આજે જીત થઈ છે.

ના અંકલ આ પ્રભુ ના ન્યાય ની જીત છે...ગરીબ લાચાર,અશક્ત લોકો માટે સંસાર માં લડવા વાળું કોણ ?  

એક માત્ર ઈશ્વર...આવી વ્યક્તિ લાચાર થઇ જ્યારે આકાશ તરફ જુએ ત્યારે સમજી લેવું કેસ ઉપરવાળા ની અદાલત મા ફાઇલ થઈ ગયો

અંકલ પપ્પા મને કહેતા..કર્મ હંમેશા દઝાડે છે...

આનંદ કરતા પરિવાર ઉપર અચાનક આફત આવે તો..સમજી લેવું...ખોટા રૂપિયા ઘર માં આવ્યા છે..અથવા કર્મ નો હિસાબ ચૂકવવા નો સમય થયો છે...અમારા પણ ગત જન્મ ના લેણદેણ હશે જે પુરા થયા એટલે અચાનક પપ્પા અમને મૂકી જતા રહ્યા.. દેવાંગ ઢીલો થઈ બોલ્યો

તમે આનંદ માં હો ત્યારે સમજી લ્યો સ્તકર્મ નું બેલેન્સ ખાલી થઈ રહયું છે...અને તમે દુઃખી અથવા કોઈ પીડા ભોગવતા હો ત્યારે સમજી લ્યો તમારા દુષ્કર્મની સજા તમે કાપી રહ્યા છો....સ્તકર્મ નું બેલેન્સ વધારતા રહો અને સદા આનંદ માં રહો...

ભાવેશ..ઉભો થઇ દેવાંગ ને ભેટી પડ્યો....તારો બાપ સંસ્કારી આટલો ધાર્મિક હતો તેના સંપર્ક માં હું હતો તો પણ તેને હું ઓળખી ન શક્યો....બેટા મને માફ કર

જય શ્રી કૃષ્ણ...બેટા

આ સાઈન કરેલો કોરો ચેક તારા પપ્પા ની ડાયરી માં રાખ મારા આયુષ્યની મને પણ ખબર નથી..આ લેણદેણ ના સબંધ મારે અહીં  આ જન્મ માં જ પુરા કરવા છે કહી...ભાવેશ રડી પડ્યો.

મેં ઉભા થતા દેવાંગ ને કીધું બેટા લોકો ગીતાજી વાંચે છે તેનો એક મહત્વપૂર્ણ સંદેશ પણ વાંચે છે..

"મારા ભાગ્ય માં લખેલ હશે તો દુનિયા ની કોઈ પણ તાકાત ઝૂંટવી નહિ શકે....અને જો મારા ભાગ્ય માં નહિ હોય તો દુનિયા ની કોઈ પણ તાકાત એ મને અપાવી નહિ શકે."...

તેં આ ગીતાજી ના સંદેશ ને સાબિત કરી બતાવ્યું.

शरण गाहे बिन जाप है निष्फल..निष्फल है जीवन तेरा

जनम मरण की आस ना छूटे..रहे दुखो से नित घेरा

पाप गठरिया भारी हो गयी...कैसे बोझ उठाएगा

राम सुमिर के रहम करेना..फिर कैसे सुख कैसे पायेगा

Think Twice Act Wise 

પુસ્તક સમીક્ષા વ્યાપાર યોજના રહસ્યો જાહેર

કોઈપણ વ્યવસાયને સફળતાપૂર્વક પ્રારંભ કરવાની ચાવી એ એક સારી વ્યવસાયિક યોજના છે. માઇક એલીયાએ તેમની ઇ-બુકમાં, “બિઝનેસ પ્લાન સિક્રેટ્સ રિવીલ્ડ” માં, પગલું-દર-પગલુ તમે બિઝનેસ પ્લાન પ્રક્રિયામાં આગળ વધો છો, લાયક રોકાણકારો સુધી તમારી યોજના પહોંચાડવા માટે તમારી યોજના બનાવવા માટે તમે જે પુરાવા વાપરો છો તેનો સંગ્રહ કરવાથી.

તેમનું પુસ્તક તમને વ્યવસાય યોજના લખવાની જરૂર છે તે મૂળભૂત માહિતી પ્રદાન કરે છે. પરંતુ તેનું વાસ્તવિક ધ્યાન એ છે કે તમારી યોજનાને રોકાણકારો સુધી કેવી રીતે પહોંચાડવી અને તે ખાતરી કરો કે તમારો વ્યવસાય તેમની શ્રેષ્ઠ રોકાણોની પસંદગી છે.

જ્યારે મેં પહેલીવાર બિઝનેસ પ્લાન સિક્રેટ્સનો ઘટસ્ફોટ કર્યો ત્યારે મારું હૃદય ડૂબી ગયું. તમે જુઓ, મેં માઇકને વચન આપ્યું હતું કે સમીક્ષા લખતા પહેલા હું તેનું પુસ્તક સંપૂર્ણ વાંચીશ. અને બિઝનેસ પ્લાન સિક્રેટ્સ રિવાલ્ડ એ એક વાક્ય ફકરા, મોટા ફોન્ટ્સ અને ભારે માર્જિનવાળી કોઈ સામાન્ય ઇબુક નથી. તે માહિતીથી ભરેલું છે!

પરંતુ જેમ જેમ મેં વાંચવાનું શરૂ કર્યું, મને આનંદથી આશ્ચર્ય થયું. માઇકની લેખન શૈલી મનોહર અને વ્યવહારુ છે, અને તેના ખુલાસા મુશ્કેલ ખ્યાલોને સરળ બનાવે છે. પુસ્તક દરમ્યાન, મને લાગ્યું કે જાણે કોઈ મિત્ર મારી સાથે પાછલા મંચ પર બેઠો હતો, હકીકતમાં કંઈક કરવું તે બરાબર સમજાવતો હતો. તે એક સરળ પ્રાયોગિકતા છે જે તમે ત્યારે જ પ્રાપ્ત કરી શકો છો જ્યારે તમે કોઈ વિષયને સંપૂર્ણ રીતે સમજો છો.

માઇકની વ્યવસાયિક યોજનાની વિભાવનાઓ વિશેની સ્પષ્ટ સમજ, જેનો અનુભવ 20 વર્ષથી વધુ સમયના અનુભવથી મળે છે. માઇક વ્યવસાય માલિકોને તેમના વ્યવસાયો ખરીદવા, વેચવા અને નાણાં અપાવવા માં સહાય કરે છે. તેમણે નવ કરતાં વધુ દેશોમાં મેન્યુફેક્ચરિંગ અને વેચાણના સ્થળોની દેખરેખ રાખી છે. તે સીપીએ છે, બિઝનેસ એડમિનિસ્ટ્રેશનમાં માસ્ટર્સ ધરાવે છે, અને  બે લિમિટેડ કંપનીઓના ચીફ ફાઇનાન્સિયલ ઓફિસર તરીકે ફરજ બજાવી છે.

તેણે લખેલું પુસ્તક વ્યવસાયિક યોજના સિક્રેટ્સ તમારી જરૂરી માહિતી એકત્રિત કરવી અને તેને ગોઠવવા માટેની ટીપ્સથી પ્રારંભ થાય છે. શરૂઆતથી, માઇક તમારા સૌથી મોટા એકલ પડકારને પહોંચી વળવા પર ધ્યાન કેન્દ્રિત કરે છે - રોકાણકારોના વિશ્વાસના અંતરને દૂર કરે છે. “મને નંબરો બતાવો” પ્રકરણમાં માઇક ધંધાકીય નાણાકીય નિવેદનોના કેટલાક સ્પષ્ટ સ્પષ્ટીકરણો પ્રદાન કરે છે જે મેં ક્યારેય વાંચ્યું છે, જો શેરધારકોની ઇક્વિટી અથવા રોકડ પ્રવાહના નિવેદનો જેવા ખ્યાલો તમારી આંખોને ચમકાવી દે, તો તમારી મુક્તિ આવી ગઈ છે.

પાછળથી પ્રગટ થયેલ બિઝનેસ પ્લાન સિક્રેટ્સના પ્રકરણો માઇકના વચનને ખરેખર તમારા વ્યવસાયિક યોજનાને અસરકારક રીતે સંદેશાવ્યવહાર કરવામાં સહાય કરવાના વચનને આપશે. તમારી વ્યવસાય યોજના લખવાની સંપૂર્ણ સૂચનાઓ છે, જેમાં તમારી યોજના કેવી રીતે ખોલવી અને વાંચી શકાય અને નવ સામાન્ય લખવાની ભૂલોને કેવી રીતે ટાળી શકાય. તે સમજાવે છે કે કેવી રીતે યોગ્ય ડિઝાઇન પસંદ કરવાથી તમારી વ્યવસાયિક યોજના વાંચવી સરળ થઈ શકે છે. તમારા વ્યવસાય માટે 60૦-સેકંડ, ટૂ-ધ-પોઇન્ટ, મૌખિક પીચ વિકસાવવા સહિત, રોકાણકારો સાથે સામ-સામે-સામનો કરવા માટે કેવી રીતે તૈયારી કરવી તે કહીને માઇક વસ્તુઓ લપેટીને રાખે છે. રોકાણકારો અને સંસાધનો વિભાગ શોધવા માટેની ટિપ્સ પુસ્તકને પૂર્ણ કરે છે.

મારે કબૂલવું જોઇએ કે ઘણી વખત વાંચતી વખતે હું મારી જાતને પૂછું કે, "શું મારે ખરેખર આટલી વ્યવસાય યોજનાની જરૂર છે?" આ ખાલી જગ્યાઓ-અને-પ્રિંટ-તે-આઉટ-વ્યવસાય યોજના સોલ્યુશન નથી. પરંતુ તે પછી મને સમજાયું - જો હું સફળ થવામાં ગંભીર છું, તો પછી મારે મારા વ્યવસાય વિશે વધુને વધુ જાણવાની જરૂર છે. મેં પૈસા ખર્ચવાનું શરૂ કર્યું તે પહેલાં. માર્કેટમાં મારી જાતને લાઈનમાં મૂકી દે તે પહેલાં.

મેં આખા પુસ્તકમાંથી જે જાણ્યું પછી મેં પુષ્ટિ આપી કે માઇક નું ટાઇટલ મેન પેજ પર જે વચન આપે છે તે પહોંચાડે છે: તે તમને શીખવે છે કે કેવી રીતે ઝડપથી પુરાવા એકત્રિત કરવા, તમારા વ્યવસાય માટે કેસ બનાવવો, અને એક વાંચનીય યોજના લખો કે જે રોકાણકારોને આકર્ષિત કરે અને તમારા વ્યવસાયને સૌથી આકર્ષક રોકાણની પસંદગી બનાવે. જો તમે પહેલાથી જ અન્ય વ્યવસાયિક યોજના સ્રોતોના માલિક છો, તો પણ હું ભલામણ કરું છું કે વ્યવસાયિક યોજનાના રહસ્યો જાહેર, બુક તમારા માટે છે.

 

A Biography.,Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman The Indian physicist

Quick Facts

ALSO KNOWN AS: - Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman

NATIONALITY: - Indian    Famous Indian Men

RELIGION: - Hindu

BORN ON:-07 November 1888 AD

DIED AT AGE: - 82

SUN SIGN: - Scorpio.

BORN IN: - Tiruchirappalli, Madras Province

DIED ON: - 21 November 1970 AD

PLACE OF DEATH: - Bangalore, India

FATHER: - R. Chandrasekhara Iyer

MOTHER: -Parvati Amma

SPOUSE/PARTNER: - Lokasundari Ammal

DISCOVERIES / INVENTIONS: -Raman Effect

AWARDS: -Nobel Prize in Physics (1930)

Bharat Ratna (1954)

C.V. Raman

Abstract...Introduction.  

Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, the Indian physicist who made his motherland proud by becoming the first Indian to win the Nobel Prize for Physics, was a scientist par excellence. He displayed a brilliant mind even as a child and passed his matriculation examination at a much younger age as compared to other students. As the son of a lecturer in mathematics and physics, the young Raman was exposed to an academic environment from the very beginning. A topper throughout his academic days, he was deeply interested in research; in fact he began his research work on optics and acoustics even while he was a student. Even though he started his career as a Deputy Accountant General, still he could not keep away from research, often staying up whole nights to discover new things in the field of physics. He was intrigued by the blue colour of glaciers and the Mediterranean sea and wanted to unravel the mystery that why water, a colorless liquid, appeared blue to the eyes. Thus began a series of experiments on the scattering of light which ultimately led to what came to be known as the ‘Raman Effect’ for which he won the Nobel Prize in Physics.

Childhood & Early Life of C.V.Raman called “Bachpan”

He was born near a small village in Tiruchirapalli to R. Chandrasekhara Iyer and Parvathi Ammal. His father, initially a school teacher, became a lecturer in mathematics and physics in a college in Vishakhapatnam.

Raman studied in St. Aloysius Anglo-Indian High School at Vishakhapatnam. He was a brilliant student and passed his matriculation examination when he was just 11. At the age of 13 he passed his F.A. examination (equivalent to today’s intermediate examination) with a scholarship.

He joined the Presidency College in Madras in 1902 and received his B.A. in physics in 1904. He topped the exams and won a gold medal. Three years later, he earned his M.A. degree in 1907.

 Raman’s Career….throughout his life.

Though he was deeply interested in science, he appeared for the Financial Civil Service (FCS) examination at the insistence of his father. He topped the examination and went to Calcutta in 1907 to join the Indian Finance Department as Assistant Accountant General.

Still his heart was in scientific research and he began conducting research at the Indian Association for Cultivation of Sciences during his free time. His job was very hectic, yet he was so dedicated towards science that he often spent nights at research.

Even though the facilities available at the association were very limited, it did not deter Raman at all who went on to publish his findings in leading international journals like ‘Nature’, ‘The Philosophical Magazine’, and ‘Physics Review’. During this time, his research was basically in the areas of vibrations and acoustics.

In 1917, he got the opportunity to join the University of Calcutta as the first Palit Professor of Physics. Raman happily resigned from his government post to take up this position though the new job paid much less than the previous one. Such was his dedication to science.

In 1919, he was made the Honorary Secretary of the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, a post he held till 1933. He was very popular and many students gathered around him, attracted by his immense knowledge of science.

During the late 1920s he experimented on the scattering of light by observing the behavior of monochromatic light which penetrated transparent materials and fell on a spectrograph. This led to the discovery of what came to be known as ‘Raman Effect’ which he presented at a meeting of scientists in 1928.

He was invited by the Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bangalore to become its Director. He accepted the post in 1933, becoming the first Indian to hold this post. He served as the director till 1937 though he continued as the head of the Physics Department till 1948.

In 1948 he established the Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bangalore for conducting scientific research in different fields of physics. He continued with his research in the institute till his death.

Raman’s …Highlights of his Major Works.

He is best known for discovering the ‘Raman Effect’, or the inelastic scattering of a photon. He showed through experimentation that when light traverses a transparent material, some of the deflected light changes in wavelength. This was a ground breaking discovery in early 20th century physics.

The Raman Effect

Raman and Rayleigh Scattering

Lord Rayleigh, who had believed the teenage Raman’s papers were the work of a professor, had been one of the great physicists of his day. He had won the 1904 Nobel Prize in Physics.

His importance to Raman’s story is that Rayleigh had been the first to explain why the sky is blue. He had then explained the sea’s color by saying it was simply a reflection of the sky’s color.

One day, in the summer of 1921, Raman was on the deck of a ship in the Mediterranean Sea en route to the Congress of Universities of the British Empire at Oxford. He looked at the beautiful blue color of the Mediterranean Sea and began to doubt Rayleigh’s explanation of its color.

Rayleigh had correctly explained that the sky looks blue because of a phenomenon now called Rayleigh scattering.

Rayleigh scattering

An approximate representation of Rayleigh scattering in Earth’s atmosphere.

If Earth had no atmosphere, anyone who happened to be around in such circumstances would see a white sun and a black sky. However, this is not what we see, because sunlight interacts with the gases in Earth’s atmosphere.

Rather than coming straight to our eyes from the sun, sunlight is scattered in all directions by the atmosphere. Blue light is scattered most, meaning that it comes to our eyes from everywhere in the sky, therefore the sky looks blue. Yellow and red light are scattered least, so we usually see a yellow sun, and sometimes a red sun.

Rayleigh scattering is elastic. This means that photons of light lose no energy when they interact with gas molecules. The light, therefore, stays the same color.

Raman Discovers that the Sea Scatters Light

When he sailed back to India in September 1921 Raman, an indefatigable scientist, had with him some simple physics apparatus: a prism, a miniature spectroscope, and a diffraction grating. He used these to study the sky and the sea and concluded that the sea was scattering light.

Hence when Rayleigh said the sea’s color is simply a reflection of the sky’s color, he was not wholly correct. Raman reported his findings in a letter to the journal Nature.

When he returned to his laboratory, Raman and his students began an exhaustive program of research into light scattering.

Compton Demonstrates Inelastic Scattering

In 1923 Arthur Compton in St. Louis, USA published exciting new work showing that X-rays can lose energy when they interact with electrons. The X-rays donate some of their energy to electrons, then move on carrying less energy. In other words, Compton demonstrated that inelastic scattering is possible.

Compton received the 1927 Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery, which became known as the Compton effect.

The significance of the Compton effect is that in classical electrodynamics the scattering of X-rays and other electromagnetic radiation must always be elastic. Compton’s results agreed with quantum theory rather than classical theory.

The inelastic scattering discovered by Compton caused X-ray wavelengths to increase. If inelastic scattering and hence longer wavelengths were possible for visible light, then the light’s color would change.

The Raman Effect

Raman and his students continued researching light scattering in gases, liquids and solids.

They used monochromatic light – sunlight that had been filtered to leave only a single color – and found that a variety of different liquids – sixty of them – did indeed change the color of the light. They first observed this in April 1923, but very weakly.

In 1927 they found a particularly strong color change in light scattered by glycerol (then called glycerine):

Raman’s team observed the effect in gases, crystals and glass. The effect might have been mistaken for fluorescence, another phenomenon in which light has its color changed, but in Raman’s work the light scattered by liquids was polarized, which ruled out fluorescence.

What came to be known as the Raman effect – a color change accompanied by polarization – had never been seen before. The inelastic scattering at its heart was a further, very strong confirmation, of quantum theory.

The Raman effect is a very small effect compared with Rayleigh scattering. Only about 1 in ten million photons undergoes inelastic scattering.

Raman and his colleague K.S. Krishnan reported their discovery in March 1928 in Nature.

Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics for “work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.”

Raman Spectroscopy

Raman showed that the energy of photons scattered inelastically serves as a ‘fingerprint’ for the substance the light is scattered from. As a result of this, Raman spectroscopy is now commonly used in chemical laboratories all over the world to identify substances. It is also used in medicine to investigate living cells and tissues – even detecting cancers – without causing harm. Laser light rather than sunlight is used as the source of photons.

The Photon’s Spin

In 1932 Raman and his student Suri Bhagavantam discovered that photons of light carry angular momentum – in quantum terms, photons possess a property called spin.

Light and other forms of electromagnetic radiation pass their angular momentum on to atoms that absorb them.

Awards & Achievements

He won the 1930 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the Raman Effect", becoming the first Indian to win a Nobel Prize in the sciences.

He was honored with the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1954 in recognition of his invaluable contributions to the field of science.

Personal Life & Legacy

He married Lokasundari Ammal in 1907 and had two sons with her—Chandrasekhar and Radhakrishnan.

He lived a long and productive life and was active till the very end. He died in 1970 at the age of 82.

Trivia

This great scientist was the paternal uncle of another excellent scientist and Nobel laureate, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar.

A Biography.....The Indian Mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan

Srinivasa Ramanujan is best known for his contributions in the field of mathematics, namely in number theory.

Basic Introduction.

Srinivasa Ramanujan was born in southern India in 1887. After demonstrating an intuitive grasp of mathematics at a young age, he began to develop his own theories and in 1911 published his first paper in India. Two years later Ramanujan began a correspondence with British mathematician G. H. Hardy that resulted in a five-year-long mentor ship for Ramanujan at Cambridge, where he published numerous papers on his work and received a B.S. for research. His early work focused on infinite series and integrals, which extended into the remainder of his career. After contracting tuberculosis, Ramanujan returned to India, where he died in 1920 at 32 years of age.

Intuition detail he did…

Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on December 22, 1887, in Erode, India, a small village in the southern part of the country. Shortly after this birth, his family moved to Kumbakonam, where his father worked as a clerk in a cloth shop. Ramanujan attended the local grammar school and high school, and early on demonstrated an affinity for mathematics.

When at age 15 he obtained an out-of-date book called A Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics, Ramanujan set about feverishly and obsessively studying its thousands of theorems before moving on to formulate many of his own. At the end of high school, the strength of his schoolwork was such that he obtained a scholarship to the Government College in Kumbakonam.

A Blessing and a Curse

But Ramanujan’s greatest asset proved also to be his Achilles heel. He lost his scholarship to both the Government College and later at the University of Madras because his devotion to math caused him to let his other courses fall by the wayside. With little in the way of prospects, in 1909 he sought government unemployment benefits.

Yet despite these setbacks, Ramanujan continued to make strides in his mathematical work, and in 1911 published a 17-page paper on Bernoulli numbers in the Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society. Seeking the help of members of the society, in 1912 Ramanujan was able to secure a low-level post as a shipping clerk with the Madras Port Trust, where he was able to make a living while building a reputation for himself as a gifted mathematician.

Cambridge…A Stepping Stone.

Around this time, Ramanujan had become aware of the work of British mathematician G. H. Hardy — who himself had been something of a young genius — with whom he began a correspondence in 1913 and shared some of his work. After initially thinking his letters a hoax, Hardy became convinced of Ramanujan’s brilliance and was able to secure him both a research scholarship at the University of Madras as well as a grant from Cambridge.

The following year, Hardy convinced Ramanujan to come study with him at Cambridge. During their subsequent five-year mentor ship, Hardy provided the formal framework in which Ramanujan’s innate grasp of numbers could thrive, with Ramanujan publishing upwards of 20 papers on his own and more in collaboration with Hardy. Ramanujan was awarded a bachelor of sciences for research from Cambridge in 1916 and in 1918 became a member of the Royal Society of London.

Doing the Math...like magician of maths.

"[Ramanujan] made many momentous contributions to mathematics especially number theory," states George E. Andrews, an Evan Pugh Professor of Mathematics at Pennsylvania State University. "Much of his work was done jointly with his benefactor and mentor, G. H. Hardy. Together they began the powerful "circle method" to provide an exact formula for p(n), the number of integer partitions of n. (e.g. p(5)=7 where the seven partitions are 5, 4+1, 3+2, 3+1+1, 2+2+1, 2+1+1+1, 1+1+1+1+1). The circle method has played a major role in subsequent developments in analytic number theory. Ramanujan also discovered and proved that 5 always divides p(5n+4), 7 always divides p(7n+5) and 11 always divides p(11n+6). This discovery led to extensive advances in the theory of modular forms." Bruce C. Berndt, Professor of Mathematics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, adds that: "the theory of modular forms is where Ramanujan's ideas have been most influential. In the last year of his life, Ramanujan devoted much of his failing energy to a new kind of function called mock theta functions. Although after many years we can prove the claims that Ramanujan made, we are far from understanding how Ramanujan thought about them, and much work needs to be done. They also have many applications. For example, they have applications to the theory of black holes in physics."

But years of hard work, a growing sense of isolation and exposure to the cold, wet English climate soon took their toll on Ramanujan and in 1917 he contracted tuberculosis. After a brief period of recovery, his health worsened and in 1919 he returned to India.

The Man Who Knew Infinity….a movie based on Ramanujan Life.

Srinivasa Ramanujan died of his illness on April 26, 1920, at the age of 32. And even on his deathbed had been consumed by math, writing down a group of theorems that he said had come to him in a dream. These and many of his earlier theorems are so complex that the full scope of Ramanujan’s legacy has yet to be completely revealed and his work remains the focus of much mathematical research. His collected papers were published by Cambridge University Press in 1927. Of Ramanujan's published papers — 37 in total — professor Bruce C. Berndt reveals that "a huge portion of his work was left behind in three notebooks and a 'lost' notebook. These notebooks contain approximately 4000 claims, all without proofs. Most of these claims have now been proved, and like his published work, continue to inspire modern-day mathematics."

A biography of Ramanujan titled The Man Who Knew Infinity was published in 1991 and a movie of the same name starring Dev Patel as Ramanujan and Jeremy Irons as Hardy, premiered in September 2015 at the Toronto Film Festival.

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A Biograpgy ......A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada

Quick Facts

ALSO LISTED IN:-Spiritual & Religious Leaders

ALSO KNOWN AS:-      

Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada,

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, 

A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupāda, 

Prabhupada Bhaktivedanta, 

A. Bhaktivedanta, 

Abhoy Charonarobindo 

Bhoktibedanto Swamy Probhupad,

Abhay Charan De,

Abhay Charan, 

Nandulal,

Abhay Caranaravinda

FAMOUS AS:- Founder of ISKCON

NATIONALITY:- Indian 

RELIGION :- Hinduism, International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Gaudiya Vaishnavism

BORN ON :- 01 September 1896 AD

BIRTHDAY :- 1st September Famous 1st September Birthdays Historical Events On 1st September

DIED AT AGE :- 81

SUN SIGN :- Virgo Virgo Men

BORN IN :- Kolkata

DIED ON :- 14 November 1977 AD

PLACE OF DEATH :- Vrindavan

SPOUSE/PARTNER :- Radharani Devi

EDUCATION :- University of Calcutta Scottish Church College

FOUNDER/CO-FOUNDER :- Governing Body Commission, International Society for Krishna Consciousness

Srila Prabhupada was an Indian spiritual teacher who founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON). Also known as Abhay Charanaravinda Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, he is counted among the most prominent Vedic scholars, translators, and teachers of the modern era. Credited with translating and commenting on over 80 volumes of the Vedas' most important sacred bhakti texts, including the Bhagavad Gita and Srimad-Bhagavatam, he is regarded as the world’s most prominent contemporary authority on bhakti-yoga. Born to a family of devout Vaishnavas, he developed a deep devotion towards Lord Krishna at a young age. So strong was his love for the lord that at the age of five, he single-handedly organized a neighborhood Ratha-yatra festival to glorify Lord Jagannatha! Even while growing up, he was more interested in visiting temples than in playing with other children. He realized the true purpose of his life at the age of 26 when he first met his eternal spiritual master Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Thakura who instructed him to go to the West and spread Krishna Consciousness in the English language. Even though it would be several years before he could finally travel to the West, once he set foot in the US, there was no looking back. He went on to found the International Society for Krishna Consciousness in New York City which is today a worldwide confederation of more than 550 centers

Childhood & Early Life :-

• He was born as Abhay Charan, on 1 September 1896, in Calcutta, India. His parents, Sriman Gour Mohan De and Srimati Rajani De, were devout Vaishnavas (devotees of Vishnu).

• He became a devotee of Lord Krishna at a young age and loved to visit temples. In fact he was so devoted that he preferred to pray to the lord instead of playing with his friends.

• He went to the Scottish Church College where he received a European led education. He was a good student and graduated in 1920 with majors in English, philosophy and economics. However, he refused to take his diploma as a protest against the British in response to the budding Indian independence movement.

• In 1922, he first met Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami, a prominent devotional scholar and the founder of sixty-four branches of Gaudiya Mathas (Vedic institutes). Gosvami took a liking towards the devout young man and asked him on their very first meeting to spread Vedic knowledge through the English language in the West.

• Abhay Charan became the great scholar’s pupil and several years later, his formally initiated disciple at Allahabad, in 1933.

Later Life:- 

• In 1944, he started the publication called ‘Back to Godhead’ from his home in Calcutta. The magazine, which aimed at spreading Krishna consciousness, was published and distributed by him single-handedly during the initial days. He was the magazine’s sole writer, designer, publisher, editor, copy editor and distributor.

• For three years he toiled to spread knowledge about the benign grace of Lord Krishna through his magazine and suffered several physical hardships in his quest to popularize the publication. His efforts were recognized by the Gaudiya Vaishnava Society in 1947 and he was awarded the title ‘Bhaktivedanta’, meaning "one who has realised that devotional service to the Supreme Lord is the end of all knowledge”.

• A married man with a family by now, Srila Prabhupada retired from married life at the age of 54 in 1950. After four years, he adopted the ‘vanaprastha’ (retired) order to devote more time to his divine purpose.

• He then travelled to the holy city of Vrindavana where he became involved in years of deep study and writing. He lived a very humble life and in 1959 he renounced all his worldly ties and took the order of ‘sannyasa’. The same year, he began working on what would become his masterpiece: a multivolume translation and commentary on the 18,000-verse Srimad-Bhagavatam (Bhagavata Purana).

• The next six years of his life were spent in intense Krishna bhakti. He took darshan of Madana Mohana, Govindaji, Gopinatha, and Radha Ramana regularly and performed intensive Krishna bhajana. During bhajana he received the blessings and guidance from Sri Rupa Gosvami.

• He finally got the chance to travel to the west in 1965 when he boarded a steamship bound from Calcutta to New York City. He was 69 at that time, but was determined to spread the Krishna consciousness to the people of the west.

• He founded the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), also known as the Hare Krishna movement, in 1966 in New York City. The founding of this organization launched one of the fastest-growing spiritual movements in the history of the world.

• Addressed as Srila Prabhupada from the late 1960s, he proceeded to inspire thousands of people, both Westerners and Indians, to devote their lives to Krishna consciousness. Once ISKCON was well established in the US, he started working towards spreading the organization’s mission to other countries.

• In spite of his advancing age he was deeply devoted to his cause and spent the 1970s travelling around the world establishing over a 100 Radha-Krishna temples in all the major cities of the Americas, Europe, Africa, India, Asia, and Australia. He also gained a huge following of disciples hailing from different countries and initiated a total of 5,000 sincere disciples.

• He was also a prolific writer who translated and authored several books. Over the last two decades of his life he translated over sixty volumes of classic Vedic scriptures into the English language. His books are popular all over the world and have been translated into several different languages.

Major Works:-

Srila Prabhupada is best remembered as the founder of the International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON) in New York City. The society which he initially struggled to establish soon became a fast-growing spiritual movement and today is a worldwide confederation of more than 550 centers, including 60 farm communities, 50 schools and 90 restaurants.

Persona Life & Legacy:-

• He was married and had a family. He later on renounced his family life in order to focus on the spiritual purpose of spreading awareness about Krishna consciousness.

• Srila Prabhupada died on 14 November 1977, at the age of 81.

• A number of memorial samadhis or shrines were constructed all over the world by the followers of ISKCON in his remembrance.

Biography....Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Biography....Dr.A.P.J Abdul Kalam

Quick Facts:-

ALSO LISTED IN : Presidents, Scientists

ALSO KNOWN AS : Missile Man

FAMOUS AS : Former President of India, Scientist

NATIONALITY : Indian Famous Indian Men

RELIGION : Islam

BORN ON : 15 October 1931 AD

BIRTHDAY : 15th October Famous 15th October Birthdays

DIED AT AGE : 83

SUN SIGN : Libra Libra Men

BORN IN : Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu

DIED ON : 27 July 2015 AD

PLACE OF DEATH : Shillong, Meghalaya, India

FATHER : Jainulabudeen

MOTHER : Ashiamma

MARRIED : No

AWARDS : Bharat Ratna (1997)

                   Padma Vibhushan (1990)

                   Padma Bhushan (1981)

                   Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration (1997)

                   Ramanujan Award (2000)

                   King Charles II Medal (2007)

                   Hoover Medal (2008)

                   International von Kármán Wings Award.

Little did Jainulabdeen and Ashiamma know that their son would grow up to be the first citizen of India. An Indian scientist and administrator, Kalam served as the 11th President of India from 2002 until 2007. One amongst the most respected people of the country, Kalam contributed immensely both as a scientist and as a president. His contribution at the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) was immense. He was responsible for numerous projects such as Project Devil and Project Valiant and launch of the Rohini-1, besides developing missiles under the missions Agni and Prithvi. For the same, he was popularly tagged as the “Missile Man of India”. Kalam was honored with great laurels and awards for his work by both the Government of India and other countries. After completing his term as President, Kalam served as a visiting professor in various esteemed institutes and universities of India.

Childhood And early Life:-

• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born to Jainulabdeen and Ashiamma on October 15, 1931. He came from a family whose financial conditions weren’t sound enough. As a means to support his family’s meagre income, Kalam took up odd jobs in his childhood but never gave up on his education.

• He graduated from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli in 1954 but not satisfied with his degree, he left for Madras later next year to study aerospace engineering. He enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT).

Career:-

• After graduating from MIT, Kalam took up the position of chief scientist at the Aeronautical Development Establishment of Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO). However, the profile didn’t appeal Kalam much who shifted to the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle.

• His years at the ISRO were the most crucial ones, as they left a lasting impact on him. Kalam lead many projects and turned out to be successful each time.

• In the 1970s, Kalam directed two projects, namely, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme.

• A milestone was achieved when locally built Rohini-1 was launched into space, using the SLV rocket. Upon watching the raving success of Kalam, the government agreed for initiation of an advanced missile program under his directorship. He played a pivotal role in developing missiles under the missions Agni and Prithvi.

• Kalam was the Chief Executive of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (I.G.M.D.P) which researched in simultaneous development of a quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one by one.

• From 1992 until 1999, Kalam was appointed as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defence Research and Development Organisation. It was during this time that Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator for Pokhran II nuclear tests, after which he was fondly called the “Missile Man of India”.

• Kalam succeeded K. R. Narayan to serve as the 11th President of India from 2002 until 2007. It was a highly one-sided contest. With his appointment, Kalam became the first scientist and first ever bachelor to occupy the Rashtrapati Bhawan.

• During his tenure as a President, Kalam was both appreciated and criticised. The latter was mostly due to his inaction in deciding the fate of 20 mercy petitioners.

• In addition to all the profiles that Dr Kalam held, he authored numerous influential and inspirational books. Amongst all his books, “India 2020” was the widely read and appreciated one. It forecast an action plan which advocated India turning into a knowledge superpower and as one of the developed nations of the world by the year 2020. His other books include, “Ignited Minds”, “Mission India”, “Inspiring Thoughts” and “The Luminous Sparks”.

• In 2011, he launched his mission for the youth of the nation called the “What Can I Give Movement” with the main aim to defeat corruption in India.

• After completing his term as President, Dr Kalam served as visiting professor in various esteemed institutes and universities of India, such as Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad and Indore. He also served as Chancellor of Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, Aerospace Engineering at Anna University (Chennai), JSS University (Mysore).

Personal Life and Legacy:-

• Dr A.P.J. Kalam remained unmarried throughout his life.

• Dr Abdul Kalam passed away at Bethany Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya, due to heart failure after having collapsed during a lecture at Indian Institute of Management, Shillong.

Top 10 Facts You Did Not Know About A.P.J. Abdul Kalam:-

• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam grew up in poverty and distributed newspapers as a young boy to contribute to his father’s meager income.

• He was a protégé of the great Indian scientist Dr. Vikram Sarabhai who guided him and gave him valuable advice.

• He always faced the press following failed tests at ISRO and accepted responsibility for his mistakes but never claimed the credit for any of the massive successes achieved at the organization.

• He was the first bachelor to become the president and occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.

• Kalam was the third President of India to have been honored with a Bharat Ratna before being elected to the office of President.

• He was known to write his own thank you cards with personalized messages in his own handwriting.

• He was a scholar of Thirukkural (a classic of couplets or Kurals) and was known to quote at least one couplet in most of his speeches.

• He had a keen interest in literature and wrote poems in his native Tamil.

• A practicing Muslim, he was also well versed with Hindu traditions and read the Bhagavad Gita.

• He had more than a million followers on Twitter but followed only 38 people.

Achievements And Awards:-

• Kalam was the proud recipient of Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna awards from the Government of India. He received the same in the years 1981, 1990 and 1997, respectively.

• In 1997, he was honored by the Government of India with the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration.

• Later, the next year, he was awarded the Veer Savarkar Award by the Government of India.

• The Alwars Research Centre, Chennai, bestowed Kalam with Ramanujan Award in the year 2000.

• Kalam was honored with the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, U.K in 2007.

• In 2008, he won the Hoover Medal given by ASME Foundation, USA.

• In 2008, he won the Hoover Medal given by ASME Foundation, USA.

• The California Institute of Technology, U.S.A, presented Kalam with the International von Karman Wings Award in the year 2009.

• The IEEE honored Kalam with IEEE Honorary Membership in 2011.

• Kalam was the proud recipient of honorary doctorates from 40 universities.

• In addition to this, Kalam's 79th birthday was recognised as World Students' Day by United Nations.

• He was nominated for the MTV Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and in 2006.

Timeline..............A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM 

15th Oct  1931  

A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born to Jainulabdeen and Ashiamma on October 15, 1931. He came from a family whose financial conditions weren’t sound enough. As a means to support his family’s meagre income, Kalam took up odd jobs in his childhood but never gave up on his education.  

1954  

He graduated from Saint Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli in 1954 but not satisfied with his degree, he left for Madras later next year to study aerospace engineering. He enrolled at the Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). 

1981 

To

1997  

Kalam was the proud recipient of Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna awards from the Government of India. He received the same in the years 1981, 1990 and 1997, respectively. 

1992 

To

1999  

From 1992 until 1999, Kalam was appointed as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Prime Minister and the Secretary of Defense Research and Development Organisation. It was during this time that Kalam served as the Chief Project Coordinator for Pokhran II nuclear tests, after which he was fondly called the “Missile Man of India”.  

1997  

In 1997, he was honored by the Government of India with the Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration.  

2000  

The Alwars Research Center, Chennai, bestowed Kalam with Ramanujan Award in the year 2000. 

2002 

To

2007  

Kalam succeeded K. R. Narayan to serve as the 11th President of India from 2002 until 2007. It was a highly one-sided contest. With his appointment, Kalam became the first scientist and first ever bachelor to occupy the Rastrapati Bhawan.  

2003 

To

2006  

He was nominated for the MTV Youth Icon of the Year award in 2003 and in 2006. 

2007  

Kalam was honored with the King Charles II Medal by the Royal Society, U.K in 2007. 

2008  

In 2008, he won the Hoover Medal given by ASME Foundation, USA. 

2008  

In 2008, he won the Hoover Medal given by ASME Foundation, USA. 

2009  

The California Institute of Technology, U.S.A, presented Kalam with the International von Karman Wings Award in the year 2009.  

2011  

In 2011, he launched his mission for the youth of the nation called the “What Can I Give Movement” with the main aim to defeat corruption in India. 

2011  

The IEEE honored Kalam with IEEE Honorary Membership in 2011.  

27th Jul 2015  

Dr Abdul Kalam passed away at Bethany Hospital, Shillong, Meghalaya, due to heart failure after having collapsed during a lecture at Indian Institute of Management, Shillong. 

Data source:- Thefamouspeople.com